Business Law Core Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Law Core - Case Study Example This can be enumerated as follows:- 1. Agreement: - the first essential element of partnership is agreement. It is a relation between persons who have agreed to share profits. There can be no partnership without an agreement. Therefore the relation of partnership arises from contract and not from status. 2. Business: - The second essential element of partnership is "business" because without business there can be no partnership. Business includes every trade, occupation and profession. It is not necessary that the business should be of long standing and permanent. A single commercial transaction may constitute a business (Abenneim (1913) 109 LT 219, 220). According to Lindley (Lindley on partnership, fourteenth Edition. P.116) if the persons are not already partners, share profits and losses of a particular transaction, they may be partners for the said particular transaction. 3. Sharing of profits: - Another essential element of partnership is sharing of profits of a business. If two or more persons agree to carry on a business but their objective or motive is not to share profits, it shall not constitute a partnership. Thus sharing of profits or participation in profits of a business is one of the important essential elements of partnership. Prior to 1860 this essential element was considered so much important that if two or more persons agreed to carry out a business with the objective of sharing profits, it was considered to be decisive of constituting a partnership between them. In 1860 the decision in Cot v. Hick man (1860) 8 HLC 268) brought about a revolutionary change in this respect. Delivering the judgment Lord Cranworth of the House of Lords said that sharing of profits is good evidence that the business in which profits have been incurred is being carried on behalf of the persons who are sharing profits. In other words, sharing of profits is prima facie evidence of partnership. But the decisive test is mutual agency. The real basis of liability is that the business is being carried on behalf of the persons sharing profits. 4. Manual agency: - if two or more persons agree to carry on a business to share profits, it is still possible that the partnership may not come into in order to constitute a partnership in addition to the above noted three elements, the case of Cox v. Hickman (supra) deserves a special mention in this connection. Lord justice Lindley defined company as "an association of many persons who contribute money or money's worth to a common stock and employ it for a common purpose (Dr. N. C. Paranjape, company law, 2002). In undertaking the operations of the hotel and restaurant, both parties need to form ad incorporate the company either by special statute or by registration under the companies Act for the time being in force. Further the company many also be incorporated by Royal charter which is perhaps the oldest mode of incorporation. Therefore the means that it means that if David and Angela decide to run their business as a company then their property will be the partnership it is appropriate as their property will continue to be theirs and they will only share profits and losses of the company. There are several disadvantages and advantages of using partnership over a company in the prevailing case of David and Angela. These can

Issues That Affect Children Children And Young People Essay

Issues That Affect Children Children And Young People Essay The early years of life are important in influencing lifelong health and emotional development. According to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, many issues in early childhood development are directly tied to emotional, physical, and intellectual health in adulthood. It is important to realize that certain issues such as nutrition, economics, social environment, and a childs community during the first years of life will have a lifelong impact for a child. Other People Are Reading http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a07/lm/87/parental-early-childhood-development-stages-180180.jpgParental Effects on Early Childhood Development Stages http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a06/9m/9p/early-childhood-development-issues-1.1-180180.jpgEarly Childhood Development Issues Print this article Economics Economic issues play a part in the development throughout childhood, but particularly during the first few years of life. Children born to mothers who live in poverty or are poorly educated typically have lower birth weight, and more health issues during infancy and childhood. Parental income can be a predictor of adulthood health. In addition, lower-income families may have fewer resources for emotional and physical health, of parents and children. This can affect or retard the overall development of a young child. Social Issues Social issues also have a profound impact on early childhood development. The social conditions of the parents or caretakers can have a direct effect on the language, social, and emotional development of the child, often with permanent results. This impact can be seen as early as 18 months, and according to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), children in low-income homes most often lack the social skills needed to enter kindergarten. In addition, a secure and loving attachment to a parent or caretaker is essential for long-term emotional, physical, and intellectual growth and stimulation. Sponsored Links Jobs Australia 5 urgent open positions. Apply now! Jobs Australia jobrapido.com/jobs+australia Nutrition Healthy nutrition has a direct impact on the health, physical, and emotional development of a child in the first years of life. Nutritional deficiencies can result in the retardation of physical growth and poor overall health and may have long-term effects on the intellectual and physical development of a child into adulthood. Nutrition has also been directly linked to the income level of the home. Community The environment in which a child lives has many direct effects on their development. Children in low-income communities are exposed to higher levels of toxins, pollution, poor water quality, higher noise levels, and lower overall safety. Lower-income communities also tend to have fewer resources for families, lower levels of access to health care, and fewer safe places for children to play. Children in poverty-level homes are also more likely to be exposed to lead-based paint, which can have permanent health effects. Sponsored Links Factors Affecting Social Development Print Collect It! Email By C. Seefeldt Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall Childrens development of social skills is affected by the nature of their family and early educational experiences (NRC, 2001). Whether in a nuclear, blended, or extended family; a communal arrangement; or a single-parent family, the child learns social patterns and skills within this context. Children find love and security and form attachments with people who protect and care for them. In the family, children become socialized through interactions with parents, siblings, relatives, and neighbors; once in a school setting, they need new ways of acting, relating, and socializing. Children who have had a strong attachment to a nurturing figure and see themselves as separate from this nurturing figure are ready for a group situation. Children who have not fully developed strong attachments to another person may have a more difficult time adjusting to the complexity of the social system of the school. Can Anyone Explain The Factors That Affect Human Personality? Best Answer Best Answer Ads by Google Gene Expression Report Gene expression across 20,000  samples. Only 0.005 cents/samplemedisapiens.com/gene-report/ Moore Business Education Number 1 ranked undergraduate  degree in international businesswww.moore.sc.edu/ Answered by  Anonymous  Anonymous 1 2 3 4 5 There are some factors that affecting human personality, which form or make human personality. Or we can say that personality is the outcome of results of these factors. 1: Physical Environment: Physical environment affect human personality, consists of land, fertility of land, forests, hills etc. for example, a person of hilly areas has different  physique  and outlook as compared to person of urban area. 2: Social Environment: Social environment also change and affect the human personality. In a society people learn from his  parents, his family members, friends etc. He accepts all the attributes and qualities which are inculcated to him. 3: Cultural Environment: Culture  is submission of tangible and intangible attributes of a society or of a nation. The tangible things are clothes, buildings etc. and intangible things include wedding ceremonies,  hospitality, norms, values, folk-ways, etc. change and affect the human personality because what is in his culture he will accept that thing. 4: Biological Environment: Biological structure or environment of human include glands, nervous system, respiratory system etc. all these things affect ones personality. For example, if  pituitary glands  dont work in normal way then the human growth will be affected and this will change his personality. 5: Role Playing: Each and every individual act and react according to his due role and status assigned to him, which affect his personality. Ads by Google Environmental Analysis Expert Environmental Visualization  and  Data Analysisservicesenvironmental.com A Sample Size of One Must read for a  parent  of an  autistic child. Paperback and  Ebookborders.bookbrewer.com Related reading How Does Environmental Factors Affect Personality Development? Actualy the environmental factors play the most important factor in every human life. Becausethe What Is Personality? How Do We Typically Measure It? What Factors Dete Personality is the sum total of physical,mental and social charateristics of an individual Why Colors Affect Our Personality? Effect of colors on our personality means that the colors we like to wear or that colors which What environmental factors contribute to the personality of an individ I think that there are no specific environmental factors that influence, but that total environment Was this  Helpful  or  Not Helpful Answered by  Anonymous  Anonymous 1 2 3 4 5 Your birthplace, your heritage, your upbringing, your appearance but most importantly your  beliefsystem, lack thereof or open mindedness. If we  cast  aside our prejudice we can change who we are and we can also learn to  project  ourselves and appear to have a different or more outgoing personality. Confidence is also another factor. Are we confident to  show  who we are? You can change your personality with time but you will always have your memories to deep down set who you are. Was this  Helpful  or  Not Helpful Answered by  Anonymous  Anonymous 1 2 3 4 5 If Im not wrong in my opinion then there are some basic factors which always have an impact on someones personality. Those factors are from religious and cultural aspects. They also come from the family life. And a man takes many things from the  atmosphere  he is living in. So there are lot of factors involved which have an effect on human personality.   But according to me the greatest of them all is the characteristics of someone. If a person has got a strong character then in this case, he would affect the people around him. Im very much sure about it. Historical incidents tell us this thing in a very comprehensive way. For instance, all the worlds greatest leaders in history have got the strongest character in them. Even though they were against there culture or religious believes.   You can consider the examples of Muhammad (peace be upon him), Jesus (peace be upon him), Buddha and many other great leaders. Their characters affect their fellow beings and the people of their culture. So it is clear from this example that the greatest effect on a human personality is with the character of some other human beings.   Even in recent days we see many examples like that, people like to follow their favourite  celebrity, their favourite sportsman, their favourite hero. Because they think that he/she has the character like they are watching.   I think it is very clear from this aspect. But there are some other factors as well, which affect human personality. For example, the culture in which a person lives, his friends, his family relationships, his relationship with parents. His teachers also play a major role. I think it is enough. How does family affect a persons personal identity? In:  Parenting and Children,  Siblings,  Peer Pressure [Edit categories] Caring for aging parents?www.caretrio.comIts a tough task. Try CareTrio free for 30 days. Challenging Family Memberatlassautism.com/familiesworkshop to explore family strategy young people on autism spectrum Ads Answer: You learn from the actions around you, which shape your character or personality, due to the people youre with or would like to be. Also, your brain develops at an early age to defer what they comprehend and remember from experience, social interaction, and mental memorization.   Your personal identity is shaped by both environment and heredity. During the centuries there has been more emphasis on one or the other. But today we assume that certain characteristics, e.g. intelligence and social adaptiveness are shaped both by the quality of your genes and by parental influence. Its like a flower that will blossom most beautifully with the best natural characteristic and the right soil. Read more:  http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_family_affect_a_persons_personal_identity#ixzz26DSjJZJ5 How to Solve Problems With Leadership Skills By Margaret Kay, eHow Contributor How to Solve Problems With Leadership Skills thumbnailManagers can use leadeship skills to quell disputes in the workplace. A strong leader encourages a group to fulfill its potential and guide it when it veers off track. As part of a team of unique individuals, the leader is likely to face logistical and social problems on a regular basis. Though inevitable, problems do not need to stop a group from completing its mission. A leader can use leadership skills to help keep problems from gaining momentum and to solve those problems so that everyone involved feels comfortable moving on. Other People Are Reading http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a07/5d/nc/solve-poor-leadership-skill-problems-180180.jpgHow to Solve Poor Leadership Skill Problems http://img.ehowcdn.com/other-people/ehow/images/a08/b2/gj/leadership-can-prepare-adult-roles-180180.jpgHow Leadership Skills Can Help Prepare You for Adult Roles Print this article Instructions 1 Encourage frequent communication and open dialogue. When a problem arises in a group setting, be it in the workplace, in the family or among friends, it is important for individuals to feel free to express their concerns before the issue spirals out of control. By leaving your door open and lending an ear to the concerns of fellow group members, you can help solve minor issues before they turn into larger problems. 2 Meet with people individually to personalize your communication. Get to know your fellow group members on an individual level so you can better assess how to solve a problem in which they are involved. A boss can hold regular meetings with individual staff members to check-in with their progress and ask them for suggestions on how the workplace could function better. Sponsored Links Gap analysis tool Set up and send out gap analysis assessments in just 3 minutes www.spidergap.com 3 Break down problems into simple terms once you have heard all sides of the issue and begin to brainstorm a solution. Avoid stereotyping or assigning blanket judgments to the individuals involved. For example, dont assume that an individual is just upset because shes an emotional woman, or because he is just lazy. Ask yourself what each person involved in the problem wants and what each thinks she is not getting. Think of solutions that accommodate each individuals wishes. Remind yourself of each individuals strengths and design your solution to feature those strengths. If the problem is logistical, rather than social, brainstorm alternative ideas on how the task can be completed. Rather than clinging to the problem, think of a Plan B. 4 Stay focused on the greater vision of the group. Dont allow yourself or other group members to be concerned with trivial issues in what is a much larger mission. Remind group members of the projects purpose and encourage individuals not to dwell on problems. Group members who have their minds set on the end goal will be less likely to create problems along the way, as it will slow the process down. 5 Check up on the problem shortly after a solution has been applied. See if the problem has gone away, if it is improving or if it has gotten worse. Remember that being a leader can mean making difficult decisions. If an individual involved in the problem refuses to work toward a solution, take the necessary steps to remove the individual from the group. Sponsored Links Benefits of Online Social Networking http://www.parentfurther.com/sites/default/files/internet.jpg While there are risks inherent in online social networking, there are also many potential benefits. Social networking can provide opportunities for new relationships as well as strengthening existing relationships, whether your kids friends are close to home or across the world. Its important to be vigilant when your kids are getting involved in online social networking, but its also good to encourage positive relationships through various avenues, including the Internet. Real-Life Benefits of Online Social Networking Kids can gain social confidence from interacting with other people online, which may help them feel more secure in new situations, such as going to college, joining a sports team, and meeting new friends. Because social networking-like everything else online-is constantly evolving, kids can become more familiar with new and emerging technologies, as well as increase their media literacy through exposure to many different types of online media that are shared by their friends. Many kids find support in online communities; this is especially true for kids who have unique interests or feel isolated. Encourage your child to find other kids who are interested in the same thing or may be dealing with similar issues. Online communities can be very diverse and expose your child to many new viewpoints, ideas, and opinions  that she may not be familiar with. Kids tend to use social networking to augment-not replace-their real-world relationships, helping them learn to communicate in many different ways. Social networking is becoming an increasingly important method of communicating in schools and the workplace, so its good for your child to be prepared to communicate through sites like Facebook and LinkedIn. Keeping in touch with family members that live far away can become much easier through the use of online social networking. By sharing updates, photos, videos, and messages, family members can stay connected even if the live across the country-or the world. Social Networking in Schools Social networking is becoming increasingly important in schools-Facebook, Moodle, SecondLife, Digg, and other sites are often used by teachers to communicate with students or for out-of-classroom discussions. Youth can further explore topics that theyre interested in through online social networking.  By making connections with other people who have the same interest, kids can learn and exchange knowledge with others they may not have had the opportunity to interact with. Teachers often take advantage of students social networking abilities to create class blogs, discussion forums, videos, and more.  By collaborating with other students and teachers through online social networking, children are able to build stronger school communities. Top of Form Poor Okay Good Great Awesome Bottom of Form Read more:  How to Solve Problems With Leadership Skills | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/how_7912371_solve-problems-leadership-skills.html#ixzz26DTMDynH Read more:  Issues That Affect Children in Early Childhood Development | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/list_6022859_issues-children-early-childhood-development.html#ixzz26DPEeeVx

Bone :: Biology

The epidemiology study in Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland reported the incidence of fracture in 2000 which was 5,953 fractures in a population of 534,715 (11.3 in 1,000). (1) In general, the bone has a physiologic repairing process which consists of three basic steps; inflammation, proliferation and remodeling and the fracture can be healed spontaneously. (2) Failure of physiological regeneration of these steps which might cause the fracture nonunion. (3)This pathologic condition is one of the important complications after treatment fracture which occurs about 5-10% (Littenberg et al., 1998, Tzioupis and Giannoudis, 2007). It leads increase cost for further treatments and morbidity of the patients. (5) Moreover, the standard treatment, surgeon has to harvest the bone graft from the iliac crest and the patient also have a major second operation, for example decorticated bone, make the non union site bleeding and apply the bone graft. (6) There is a report that harvesting bone g raft from iliac crest can lead the painful scar and numbness around the harvest site and affect quality of life of the patient(Schwartz et al., 2009). Fortunately, nonunion can be prevented by many procedures, good surgical technique and proper implanted selection. (8) Minimally invasive (MIS) technique becomes more popular and there are many developed modern instruments which are friendly and easy usable. The advantage of the development is less tissue traumatized procedure which can preserve the biologic around the fracture site. (9) We can also prevent hypertrophic nonunion by providing an enough mechanic stability factor. (10) However, the high energy trauma as well as severe open fracture can make devastation of the soft tissue around the fracture site and might impair the biologic requirement for fracture healing .(11)And in this circumstance; the prevention by using MIS technique or even more strong stability implant cannot preventable because the soft tissue have loosen befo re treatment. Eventually, the atrophic nonunion might occur due to impair of the biologic component. (12) It is, thus, reasonable to augment with the biologic component for enhance and prevent bone healing in high risk case. The biologic part to support bone healing is consisted of the mediator part such as growth factors or cytokines and cellular part which are involved and orchestrated in fracture healing process. (13) Recently, promote and enhance healing process by difference kinds of mediator have been studied and reported. Interleukin, BMP, VEGF and bone stimulating mediator have positive effect for fracture healing and BMP2 and BMP7 have been accepted for treatment as the biologic stimulated in Human.

Natural Resources

Natural resource Natural resources (economically referred to as land or raw materials) are naturally forming substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. A natural resource's value rests in the amount and extractability of the material available and the demand for it. The latter is determined by its usefulness to production. A commodity is generally considered a natural resource when the primary activities associated with it are extraction and purification, as opposed to creation.Thus, mining, petroleum extraction, fishing, hunting, and forestry are generally considered natural-resource industries, while agriculture is not. The term was introduced to a broad audience by E. F. Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful. [1] The term is defined by the United States Geological Survey as â€Å"The Nation's natural resources include its minerals, energy, land, water, and biota. â€Å"[2] | | Classification of natural forms Natural resources are mostly classified into renewable and non-renewable resources.Sometimes resources are classified as non-renewable even if they are technically renewable, just not easily renewed within a reasonable amount of time, such as fossil fuels. Non-renewable resources Main article: Non-renewable resource Some non-renewable resources can be renewable but take an extremely long time to renew. Fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so are not practically considered ‘renewable'. Different non-renewable resources like oil, coal, natural gas etc. have different levels of demand from different sectors like transportation and residences with each resource specializing for each sector. 3] Many environmentalists propose a tax on consumption of non renewable resources. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced or can only be replaced over thousands or millions of years. Natural capital Natural resources are natural capital converted to commodity inputs to infrastructura l capital processes. [4][5] They include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and other goods harvested from the Earth. Both extraction of the basic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e. g. , metals, refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former.This process generates high profits due to the high demand for the natural resources and the energies that they are able to generate. A nation's natural resources often determine its wealth in the world economic system and its diplomatic, military, and political influence. Developed nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater reliance on infrastructural capital for production. However, some see a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could actually hurt the prospects of a national economy by fostering political corruption.Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy because time is spent giving bribes or other economically unproductive acts instead of the generation of generative economic activity. This has been seen over the years with legislation passed to appease companies who will benefit. There also tends to be concentrations of ownership over specific plots of land that have proven to yield natural resources. In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable development have been a major focus of development agencies.This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold most of the Earth's natural biodiversity – irreplaceable genetic natural capital. Conservation of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and green politics. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations. Types of resources Natural Resources Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants.Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into: †¢ Biotic – Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. †¢ Abiotic – Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.On the basis of the stage of development, natural resources may be called: †¢ Potential Resources – Potential resources are those which exist in a region and may be used in the future. For example, mineral oil may exist in many parts of India having sedimentary rocks but till t he time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource. †¢ Actual Resources are those which have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined and are being used in present times. For example, the petroleum and the natural gas which is obtained from the Bombay High Fields.The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve. On the basis of renewability, natural resources can be categorized into: †¢ Renewable Resources – Renewable resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc. , are continuously available and their quantity is not affected by human consumption.Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal; others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer. †¢ Non-renewable Resources – Non-renewable resources are formed over very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them.But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. On the basis of ownership,resources can be classified into:individual,community,national,and international Individual resources: Human resources Human beings are also considered to be resources because they have the ability to change raw materials into valuable resources. The term Human resources can also be defined as the skills, energies, talents, abilities and knowledge that are used for the production of goods or the rendering of services. While taking into account human beings as resources, the following things have to be kept in mind: †¢ The size of the population The capabilities of the individuals in that population Resource use and sustainable development Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be processed in order to change them into more usable commodities. This is known as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the demand for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in distribution of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than developing countries. The rising demand coupled with the over-consumption of resources has led to several problems: †¢ Resource depletion Accumulation of resources in the hands of a few †¢ Environmental degradation †¢ Tragedy of the commons †¢ Resource curse Uses of our Natural Resources Rock and mineral resources have a wide variety of uses and play a huge role in our lives The Mineral Information Institute has a poster showing how much of a variety of minerals each person uses in his or her lifetime. Minerals are important to our health. We need small amounts of a wide variety of minerals. Minerals found in Tennessee which people need include: calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, fluoride, iron, and zinc.Coal, oil and natural gas provide us with almost all of the energy we use to light, heat and run our world. Minerals are ingredients in almost all of the products we use from fertilizer to plastics, from toothpaste to kitty litter, from knives to plates. Minerals are common ingredients in pigments. In fact, some of the earliest uses of minerals were as pigments. Minerals also play an important role in the processing of materials. Bentonite is important in well drilling, Barite is important in oil drilling. Fluorite is important in making steel |Resource |How are our resources used? characteristics exploited) | |Barite | Used in oil drilling to weigh down the oil and prevent gushers (high specific gravity), filler in paint, glass, | | |toothpaste. | |Chert |Used to make stone tools. (hardness, fracture patterns). Used as fill to provide a stable base for roads | | |(insolubility) | |Clay |Used to make pottery and bricks.Used for pet litter (ability to absorb water) | |Chalcopyrite (copper)|Copper is used to make electrical wiring (electrical conductivity). Used in alloys – bronze and brass (low | | |melting point, beauty, resistance to oxidation) Used as an ingredient in pigments (blue and green) | |Coal |Used as a fuel (flammable). The oils and tars produced processing coal are processed into a variety of organic | | |solvents and compounds such as plastics, motor fuel, photo developer, perfume, medicine, and sugar substitute. |Fluorite |Used as a flux – i. e. used as an intermediate chemical to separate metals from waste material. Another important | | |product made from fluorite is hydrofluoric acid, which is used in the pottery, optics, and plastics industry. | | |Fluorite is also used in making opalescent glass and in enameling cookware. | |Galena (lead) |The largest use of lead is in automotive batteries. It is also used as weights (high specific gravity).Used as | | |an ingredient in solder (soft, low melting point. ). Until recently it was also used as an ingredient in paint and| | |as an additive in gasoline to make engines run more smoothly. | |Gypsum |Gypsum is primarily used to make wallboard. It is also an ingredient in cement. | |Ilmenite (titanium) |Titanium is used in alloys to make strong light-weight materials – space ships, bicycles Used to make white paint| | |- non-toxic replacement for lead, which used to be used for this purpose. low reactivity) | |Iron |Iron is used for tools, for appliances, for building supports. It is also used as a pigment (red and ochre) | |Limestone |Limestone is used as building stone, for ornamental stone f or surfaces and sculpture, to make cement and mortar, | | |as crushed stone for fill | |Mussel Shells |Mussel shells were used as ceremonial objects.European Americans have used shells as ornaments – buttons and | | |pearls for jewelry. | |Oil/Natural Gas |Oil and natural gas are used as fuels and ingredients in the chemical industry to produce petroleum based | | |products notably plastics. | |Phosphate |Phosphate is used as a fertilizer and to make phosphoric acid which is a major ingredient in food products such | | |as cola drinks. | |Saltpeter |Saltpeter was used as a fertilizer (source of nitrogen) and as an ingredient in gunpowder.It has now been | | |replaced by the related compound ammonium nitrate which can be manufactured in the laboratory. | |Sand & Gravel |Sand and gravel are used as fill to provide a stable foundation for buildings and roads. | |Sandstone |Sandstone is used as a building material. | |Sphalerite (zinc) |Zinc is used as an ingredient in brass (wit h copper). It is used to coat (galvanize) iron implements to protect | | |them from rusting.It is used as a pigment (white) | Natural resources are raw materials we use to make other products. These include trees, minerals, aquatic life, gravel, coal, and many others. How can businesses remove these resources from an area and still maintain a working landscape? Responsible businesses know that they can make money producing products or gathering natural resources while they minimize the damage to their surroundings. Take a look at some products and possible damage from forestry, mining, and aquaculture.Forestry The forest industry is made up of businesses involved in the growing and harvesting of trees and other plant life from forests. |Products |Damages | |wood products |They provide lumber or timber for |clearcutting |Removing a large block of trees exposes ground, which is| | |building houses, boats, decks, and | |vulnerable to soil erosion. | |furniture. | | | |paper |They cre ate pulp to make paper and |log jams |Over cutting may result in logs piling up and blocking | | |paper products. | |the natural flow of water. | |Christmas trees |They grow, cut, and sell Christmas |lost recreational |Forest landscapes are degraded. Who wants to visit a | | |trees. value |forest with no trees, or a river clogged with trees? | |landscaping |They fulfill our landscaping needs |lost renewable |New trees may not be planted. Forests are not renewable | | |with trees and plants. |resource |resources unless trees are planted to replace the trees | | | | |cut down. This also displaces wildlife. | MiningMining is the process or business of removing ore, soil, rock, and minerals from the ground or from mountains. |Products |Damages | |Coins |Historically and currently used as |Reclamation | | |money. |Reclamation means restoring land that has been altered.Mining pits must be | | | |reclaimed after mining operations cease. Poor mining practices can destroy the| | | |environme nt and cost taxpayers a lot of money in clean-up. | | | |Habitat destruction | | | |Animal habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is compromised. | | |Pollution | | | |Mining by-products, called tailings, can pollute our air and water. | |Gold/Silver Standards|Influence the value of currency. | | |Fossil Fuels |Provide fuel by burning. | |Nutrition |Minerals are often used in vitamins. | | |Building Materials |Provide materials used in | | | |construction like aluminum and | | | |concrete. | |Jewelry |Gold, silver, diamonds and other | | | |precious stones provide material for | | | |jewelry. | |Gravel |Gravel is used to build roads and is | | | |mixed into cement to form concrete. | | Aquaculture Aquaculture is the business of raising marine or freshwater fish or shellfish under controlled conditions. |Products |Damages | |Oyster |Netpens |   |Areas of waterways that are lined off by nets; these result in large quantities of waste (just like other forms of intensive | | |animal production). | | | | | |Aquaculture Waste | | |Processing wastes are often released directly into natural bodies of water. | | | | |Protein | | |Many fish are carnivorous—they eat meat. The food provided in fish farms may not contain meat protein. The fish who eat this | | |food do not possess the same amount of protein as their natural counterparts. This can result in a less healthy fish. | | | | |Mangroves | | |Fishing operations (shrimp farms in particular) have damaged mangroves—trees and shrubs forming buffering boundaries between | | |land and saltwater environments. (This is an important ecosystem along coastlines. | |Clams | | |   | | |Shrimp | | |   | | |Lobster | | |   | | |Salmon | | |   | | |Trout | | |   | | Natural Resources Natural resource Natural resources (economically referred to as land or raw materials) are naturally forming substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. A natural resource's value rests in the amount and extractability of the material available and the demand for it. The latter is determined by its usefulness to production. A commodity is generally considered a natural resource when the primary activities associated with it are extraction and purification, as opposed to creation.Thus, mining, petroleum extraction, fishing, hunting, and forestry are generally considered natural-resource industries, while agriculture is not. The term was introduced to a broad audience by E. F. Schumacher in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful. [1] The term is defined by the United States Geological Survey as â€Å"The Nation's natural resources include its minerals, energy, land, water, and biota. â€Å"[2] | | Classification of natural forms Natural resources are mostly classified into renewable and non-renewable resources.Sometimes resources are classified as non-renewable even if they are technically renewable, just not easily renewed within a reasonable amount of time, such as fossil fuels. Non-renewable resources Main article: Non-renewable resource Some non-renewable resources can be renewable but take an extremely long time to renew. Fossil fuels, for example, take millions of years to form and so are not practically considered ‘renewable'. Different non-renewable resources like oil, coal, natural gas etc. have different levels of demand from different sectors like transportation and residences with each resource specializing for each sector. 3] Many environmentalists propose a tax on consumption of non renewable resources. Non-renewable resources cannot be replaced or can only be replaced over thousands or millions of years. Natural capital Natural resources are natural capital converted to commodity inputs to infrastructura l capital processes. [4][5] They include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and other goods harvested from the Earth. Both extraction of the basic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e. g. , metals, refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former.This process generates high profits due to the high demand for the natural resources and the energies that they are able to generate. A nation's natural resources often determine its wealth in the world economic system and its diplomatic, military, and political influence. Developed nations are those which are less dependent on natural resources for wealth, due to their greater reliance on infrastructural capital for production. However, some see a resource curse whereby easily obtainable natural resources could actually hurt the prospects of a national economy by fostering political corruption.Political corruption can negatively impact the national economy because time is spent giving bribes or other economically unproductive acts instead of the generation of generative economic activity. This has been seen over the years with legislation passed to appease companies who will benefit. There also tends to be concentrations of ownership over specific plots of land that have proven to yield natural resources. In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable development have been a major focus of development agencies.This is of particular concern in rainforest regions, which hold most of the Earth's natural biodiversity – irreplaceable genetic natural capital. Conservation of natural resources is the major focus of natural capitalism, environmentalism, the ecology movement, and green politics. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations. Types of resources Natural Resources Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants.Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into: †¢ Biotic – Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. †¢ Abiotic – Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.On the basis of the stage of development, natural resources may be called: †¢ Potential Resources – Potential resources are those which exist in a region and may be used in the future. For example, mineral oil may exist in many parts of India having sedimentary rocks but till t he time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource. †¢ Actual Resources are those which have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined and are being used in present times. For example, the petroleum and the natural gas which is obtained from the Bombay High Fields.The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve. On the basis of renewability, natural resources can be categorized into: †¢ Renewable Resources – Renewable resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc. , are continuously available and their quantity is not affected by human consumption.Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal; others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer. †¢ Non-renewable Resources – Non-renewable resources are formed over very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them.But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. On the basis of ownership,resources can be classified into:individual,community,national,and international Individual resources: Human resources Human beings are also considered to be resources because they have the ability to change raw materials into valuable resources. The term Human resources can also be defined as the skills, energies, talents, abilities and knowledge that are used for the production of goods or the rendering of services. While taking into account human beings as resources, the following things have to be kept in mind: †¢ The size of the population The capabilities of the individuals in that population Resource use and sustainable development Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be processed in order to change them into more usable commodities. This is known as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the demand for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in distribution of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than developing countries. The rising demand coupled with the over-consumption of resources has led to several problems: †¢ Resource depletion Accumulation of resources in the hands of a few †¢ Environmental degradation †¢ Tragedy of the commons †¢ Resource curse Uses of our Natural Resources Rock and mineral resources have a wide variety of uses and play a huge role in our lives The Mineral Information Institute has a poster showing how much of a variety of minerals each person uses in his or her lifetime. Minerals are important to our health. We need small amounts of a wide variety of minerals. Minerals found in Tennessee which people need include: calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, fluoride, iron, and zinc.Coal, oil and natural gas provide us with almost all of the energy we use to light, heat and run our world. Minerals are ingredients in almost all of the products we use from fertilizer to plastics, from toothpaste to kitty litter, from knives to plates. Minerals are common ingredients in pigments. In fact, some of the earliest uses of minerals were as pigments. Minerals also play an important role in the processing of materials. Bentonite is important in well drilling, Barite is important in oil drilling. Fluorite is important in making steel |Resource |How are our resources used? characteristics exploited) | |Barite | Used in oil drilling to weigh down the oil and prevent gushers (high specific gravity), filler in paint, glass, | | |toothpaste. | |Chert |Used to make stone tools. (hardness, fracture patterns). Used as fill to provide a stable base for roads | | |(insolubility) | |Clay |Used to make pottery and bricks.Used for pet litter (ability to absorb water) | |Chalcopyrite (copper)|Copper is used to make electrical wiring (electrical conductivity). Used in alloys – bronze and brass (low | | |melting point, beauty, resistance to oxidation) Used as an ingredient in pigments (blue and green) | |Coal |Used as a fuel (flammable). The oils and tars produced processing coal are processed into a variety of organic | | |solvents and compounds such as plastics, motor fuel, photo developer, perfume, medicine, and sugar substitute. |Fluorite |Used as a flux – i. e. used as an intermediate chemical to separate metals from waste material. Another important | | |product made from fluorite is hydrofluoric acid, which is used in the pottery, optics, and plastics industry. | | |Fluorite is also used in making opalescent glass and in enameling cookware. | |Galena (lead) |The largest use of lead is in automotive batteries. It is also used as weights (high specific gravity).Used as | | |an ingredient in solder (soft, low melting point. ). Until recently it was also used as an ingredient in paint and| | |as an additive in gasoline to make engines run more smoothly. | |Gypsum |Gypsum is primarily used to make wallboard. It is also an ingredient in cement. | |Ilmenite (titanium) |Titanium is used in alloys to make strong light-weight materials – space ships, bicycles Used to make white paint| | |- non-toxic replacement for lead, which used to be used for this purpose. low reactivity) | |Iron |Iron is used for tools, for appliances, for building supports. It is also used as a pigment (red and ochre) | |Limestone |Limestone is used as building stone, for ornamental stone f or surfaces and sculpture, to make cement and mortar, | | |as crushed stone for fill | |Mussel Shells |Mussel shells were used as ceremonial objects.European Americans have used shells as ornaments – buttons and | | |pearls for jewelry. | |Oil/Natural Gas |Oil and natural gas are used as fuels and ingredients in the chemical industry to produce petroleum based | | |products notably plastics. | |Phosphate |Phosphate is used as a fertilizer and to make phosphoric acid which is a major ingredient in food products such | | |as cola drinks. | |Saltpeter |Saltpeter was used as a fertilizer (source of nitrogen) and as an ingredient in gunpowder.It has now been | | |replaced by the related compound ammonium nitrate which can be manufactured in the laboratory. | |Sand & Gravel |Sand and gravel are used as fill to provide a stable foundation for buildings and roads. | |Sandstone |Sandstone is used as a building material. | |Sphalerite (zinc) |Zinc is used as an ingredient in brass (wit h copper). It is used to coat (galvanize) iron implements to protect | | |them from rusting.It is used as a pigment (white) | Natural resources are raw materials we use to make other products. These include trees, minerals, aquatic life, gravel, coal, and many others. How can businesses remove these resources from an area and still maintain a working landscape? Responsible businesses know that they can make money producing products or gathering natural resources while they minimize the damage to their surroundings. Take a look at some products and possible damage from forestry, mining, and aquaculture.Forestry The forest industry is made up of businesses involved in the growing and harvesting of trees and other plant life from forests. |Products |Damages | |wood products |They provide lumber or timber for |clearcutting |Removing a large block of trees exposes ground, which is| | |building houses, boats, decks, and | |vulnerable to soil erosion. | |furniture. | | | |paper |They cre ate pulp to make paper and |log jams |Over cutting may result in logs piling up and blocking | | |paper products. | |the natural flow of water. | |Christmas trees |They grow, cut, and sell Christmas |lost recreational |Forest landscapes are degraded. Who wants to visit a | | |trees. value |forest with no trees, or a river clogged with trees? | |landscaping |They fulfill our landscaping needs |lost renewable |New trees may not be planted. Forests are not renewable | | |with trees and plants. |resource |resources unless trees are planted to replace the trees | | | | |cut down. This also displaces wildlife. | MiningMining is the process or business of removing ore, soil, rock, and minerals from the ground or from mountains. |Products |Damages | |Coins |Historically and currently used as |Reclamation | | |money. |Reclamation means restoring land that has been altered.Mining pits must be | | | |reclaimed after mining operations cease. Poor mining practices can destroy the| | | |environme nt and cost taxpayers a lot of money in clean-up. | | | |Habitat destruction | | | |Animal habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is compromised. | | |Pollution | | | |Mining by-products, called tailings, can pollute our air and water. | |Gold/Silver Standards|Influence the value of currency. | | |Fossil Fuels |Provide fuel by burning. | |Nutrition |Minerals are often used in vitamins. | | |Building Materials |Provide materials used in | | | |construction like aluminum and | | | |concrete. | |Jewelry |Gold, silver, diamonds and other | | | |precious stones provide material for | | | |jewelry. | |Gravel |Gravel is used to build roads and is | | | |mixed into cement to form concrete. | | Aquaculture Aquaculture is the business of raising marine or freshwater fish or shellfish under controlled conditions. |Products |Damages | |Oyster |Netpens |   |Areas of waterways that are lined off by nets; these result in large quantities of waste (just like other forms of intensive | | |animal production). | | | | | |Aquaculture Waste | | |Processing wastes are often released directly into natural bodies of water. | | | | |Protein | | |Many fish are carnivorous—they eat meat. The food provided in fish farms may not contain meat protein. The fish who eat this | | |food do not possess the same amount of protein as their natural counterparts. This can result in a less healthy fish. | | | | |Mangroves | | |Fishing operations (shrimp farms in particular) have damaged mangroves—trees and shrubs forming buffering boundaries between | | |land and saltwater environments. (This is an important ecosystem along coastlines. | |Clams | | |   | | |Shrimp | | |   | | |Lobster | | |   | | |Salmon | | |   | | |Trout | | |   | |

Global Tourism and the Causes and Effects on the Aboriginal Hospitality Sector Essay

Abstract Of all the industries in contemporary global times, it is apt to say that tourism plays an important role in the economy of a certain country. According to some studies made about tourism, it contributes around 3.6 Trillion US Dollars in the economic activity of different countries worldwide. Nowadays, global tourism is considered as one of the most enormous forces that move people from one place to another and it is also considered as the best way to introduce people to different cultures and social exchanges. With this thought, it can be said that tourism has a very special capability of touching each and every one around the world. Since the emergence of global tourism in the 19th and 20th century, localities and cultural interactions and changes have always been major catalysts in promoting each and every area in different countries. Country governments have seen the effect of culture thus a call to develop aboriginal sectors to be developed. Different indigenous communities now recognize the importance of tourism and its role in bridging the nations thereby cooperation between societies and communities that include aborigines and aboriginal sectors have been established recently. It can also be seen that different cultural places were developed and renovated to attract more tourists and visitors that could be interested in the cultural exchange that tourism brings and this also starts their career in tourism most especially that the main goal for visiting these cultural and aboriginal places is the culture itself. However, are the effects mainly good or beneficial? Do the aborigines like the way their places are being used for tourism or can they not just find a way to protest against these all? This paper aims to answer these questions at the same time present the relationship that lies between the global tourism and aboriginal sectors and the causes and effects global tourism brings to these aboriginal hospitality sectors. The Aborigines Aborigines are the original inhabitants of a certain country. In the past, there were reports of aborigines’ survival most especially in Australia, Taiwan, Canada and other places. There are different types of aboriginal people all over the world and for them; the most important thing is their land. Before invasions and colonization occurred in many different places of the world, aborigines used to live in not so permanent communities. They do agriculture, fishing, hunting and animal-raising. Since the advent of industrialization, most to these aborigines were forced to transfer and move and some of them are now in towns living a very bad condition of life. In some countries, they work as low-class laborers and in some countries, they live as pan-handlers and beggars in order to keep up with their lives. Country 2005 2006 2007 Australia 400,000 517,200 450,000 Canada 938,800 1.1M 1.2 M Taiwan 398,000 379,000 484,00 Looking at the above table, it may be noted that though aborigines have not been treated equally as the rest, the population has been high however in the past two years, there was a gradual decrease in their population because of certain diseases that were not given much attention to. These people are said to be the original land-owners but most of their lands were stolen to them. Fortunately, there are laws now protecting the aborigines. In Australia, British people claimed that when the invasion happened, the land was vast and empty. Fortunately, there are laws now that aims to protect the rights of the aborigines and there were bills saying that their lands should be returned to them. There were some who are still against this bill saying that the lands will end up useless if given to them and that these lands should never be returned to these people. Some were even massacred and others because they are being deprived of the basic rights either commit suicide or died because of the disease such as cholera and other epidemic. Compared to others, these people have high rate of birth and suicide as well (Aborigines 2008). Some people see the need to give them back their lands and recently, the problem and the call of these people has been addressed through tourism. Some of them now have already secured ownership of their lands and were given the signal to go back under certain conditions and terms as stipulated under the ruling of global tourism. The question is if they are going to cooperate with these terms and conditions. Global Tourism and the Aborigines Culture and tourism can never be separated. Since the advent of technology and industrial revolution, culture seemed to be drifting away or is becoming independent of tourism. Now, there are many amusement centers such as Disneyland, man-made tourist attractions and sightseeing but what most people are looking for now and are wishing to see is something that would connect them and link them to the past. This is the start of aboriginal lands being converted into cultural attractions. In Canada and in Australia, many cultural attractions have been built and these places are continuously drawing the attention of mass tourists. To some aborigines, it is good and government started talking with them and the start of global tourism also implied the beginning of renewed hope for these people. Some lands were converted to attractions and people go there everyday to see how aborigine’s cultural heritage. Aboriginal sectors and organizations have been established and the commendable development is that most of these sectors encourage cooperation with government and society. Now the government recognizes the opportunity for travel and the importance of culture as part of travel. Educational tourism also recognizes the importance of these people and most institutes and schools se them to educate students who were long been taught of history and culture. Because of these, aborigines were also given the chance for education unlike before when they were all illiterate and uneducated. If in the past, these people were fearful of others and vice versa and cooperation and coordination is now seen. Most of them have now decent forms of survival. They are not only in their lands; they were also slowly and gradually being exposed to others which is a good thing for them. Nowadays, aborigines have been gradually rising and they are now playing a very important role in the society. Looking at the graph above, the property of aborigines is now becoming greater. The properties of aborigines now range from corporations down to private enterprises. The Causes of Global Tourism to Aboriginal Sectors In 1999, a conference was held and presented to the WTO or World Tourism Office. This conference was about the Global Code of Ethics for tourism (The Global 2007). Accordingly, there is a continuing desire and goal in tourism to play a very essential role in understanding the cross culture. It was said in this conference that through the direct and straight spontaneous contacts engendered by different lifestyle and cultures, the only way to make these people meet is through tourism. Nowadays, many indigenous communities now participate in tourism-related activities to further support the revival of culture as well as to sustain the economy and to further understand the cross-cultural needs and differences. Indeed there is an underlying relationship between culture, indigenous heritage, and the themes for interpretation, authenticity, traditional lands protection, IPO or Intellectual Property Rights and the evidence of traditional knowledge. Aboriginal cultural tourism around the world is relatively young and it is believed that they are still new in the industry. Some may have liked the idea of becoming a subject for studies and tourism and some do not. The causes of global tourism may be considered two-faced: good and bad. To some aborigines, the idea of meeting people of these times is good. They learn to mingle and be appreciated as well. However, this is something new for them and some sociologists and psychologists assert that this may cause these people to be over-shocked and consequently be mentally affected. They are still considered to be different and they are still indigenous in any way we look at it. Their breeding, education, lifestyle, and culture are totally different from the norm. They know this for sure, and like any other minor ethnicities being joined with the many, they also feel different and this is bad for them. This is one reason why some still feel deprived and used inequitably. The mental effect for these people is considered to be a psychological outcome of environment. Their worlds were suddenly opened to the universe; thus, to comprehend and address the psychological needs of these people is imperative. They should undergo counseling, psychological treatment and psychotherapy to be able to reach closure with regards to issues about their cultural heritage that haunt them in contemporary times. The Effects of Global Tourism to Aboriginal Organizations and Sectors Accordingly, it of utmost importance to understand the host and tourist relationship; and there are some pertinent issues to be considered in this regard. Primarily, the nature of cultural exchange needs to be understood. In some studies made in tourism, it is asserted that activities should be understood between non-indigenous and indigenous people. To tourists and visitors, the effect is good because their awareness, appreciation and understanding of the aborigines are improved. The used to be harsh and fear-filled relationship is changed because tourists become aware of the underlying needs of these people. However, to aboriginal sectors and organizations, there is a critical perspective to create cross-cultural understanding and education among various cultures. The questions that need to be answered are the following: What is the nature of the activities that are to be done? To what extent will these people (aborigines) be used for global tourism and to what extent will global tourism be used by these people (aborigines)? What are the mechanisms and processes that need to be utilized to make sure that interpretation are laid in a sensitive manner? How important is education in recognizing the connection between various cultures? As many analyze this situation continuously, the very important factors that could give good effect to these aboriginal sectors and organizations are the following (Aboriginal 2007): cultural tourism industry cross-cultural understanding cultural revival policy, legislation and committees consent and the recognition of deeds operating agreements and shared revenues management training, skills and authenticity indigenous status and identity consultation process, protocols and status How to Sustain Cultural Tourism Aboriginal sectors and cultural tourism are always connected. There is an authentic and real depiction of the cultures of the aborigines in such a way that the effect on culture and community will not have a negative long-term effect. Accordingly, in order to support and sustain the cultural tourism, there should be a focus in owning, sustaining, as well as accepting the desire in which the aboriginal sectors and organizations are affected. This is also extremely important in sustaining the economic activities. However, though these needs are named, there are still elements that need to be addressed and that is to fill the gap between the barriers to support the economic and infrastructure operations. The Type of Cultural Exchange between Aborigines and Global Tourism There are different ways in which the cultural tourism is managed and the most important part of it is the cultural exchange between global tourism and aborigines. First and foremost, it is very important to understand the types of the cultural exchange that occurs and how to support or work on them. The reason for this is that there are many types of aborigine and that the way they are treated and educated should also be different. Accordingly, the most important thing to overcome is the traditional knowledge. The traditional knowledge includes storytelling, oral history, teachings of the elders and contemporary exhibits and displays. There are also traditional cultural presentations, traditional teachings, historical reenactments and food preparation. The information about these is treated separately. These things can be addressed by many formats, guidelines, guided tours, audio visual presentation and interactive workshops. Significant emphasis should also be given and to avoid problems and conflicts. This is to provide boundaries between the cultural practice and sacredness; thus best practices should be ensured. What are the Best Practices to be Observed? In order to develop and deliver the cultural heritages and programs, it is necessary that certain tools and mechanisms be used. The very first mechanism should be predominant in ensuring the cultural products authenticity and the community based processes should be recognized. Because the aborigines follow a community based relationship, decisions should always be approved by the elders before going ahead with the operations. In souvenirs and cultural products description, there should also be recognition in the participation of these people. Moreover, the history by which the cultural tourism in a certain place that includes the aborigines should also be recognized, introduced and emphasized. This way, these aboriginal sectors and organizations will not be bypassed. Conclusion The relationship between global tourism and aboriginal sector cannot be separated much more on the basis of the evaluation of the long-term implications of global tourism on aboriginal sectors and organizations and vice versa. While it is true that there are many things that are mutually beneficial in such a relationship, it is still very much essential to take hold of the bad effects and find ways on how these will be overcome. Aboriginal sectors and organizations are composed of human beings that are not different from us. The only difference that lies between the aborigines and common people is the fact that they are born with a different culture and that in the past; they were shattered and deprived of their own lands by colonizers and invaders. Understanding these things will help us address their needs and will greatly help in the empowerment of the global tourism industry. The only key is understanding and give and take relationship. With this, both sides will benefit; the aborigines who will benefit from getting back their lands at the same time being given jobs and means for living, the business entities who also get profit from their business and from tourism, the visitors and tourists being greatly aware of the culture and cross-cultural diversity and lastly the nature that is given much care by the people who lived in these places originally and at the same time being taken care of by people who are starting to be aware of their needs. It is rather simple to do all these things. Proper knowledge, education, increased awareness and respect are the key factors that will create a good case which will be positive and sustainable for all parties involved. References Reference Canada Government. (2007). Resources for Aboriginal Entrepreneurs. Retrieved March 09, 2008. from http://www.wd.gc.ca/289_ENG_ASP.asp Aboriginal Business Canada is a program that endorses commerce for a self-sufficient economy for all aborigines in Canada. Different kinds of services are available for viewing. These are all designed to help aborigines in commerce and in business. Survival. (2008). Aborigines. Retrieved March 09, 2008. from http://www.survival-international.org/tribes/aborigines Survival was founded in 1969. Survival (The Movement for tribal people) is the site designed for all Australian aborigines especially for the people of Torres Island. Services and campaigns can be seen here. The services range from education to shopping and any concerns that can help these aborigines. World Tourism Organization. Retrieved March 09, 2008. from http://www.world-tourism.org/code_ethics/eng.html Worldtoursim.org is the official website of World Tourism Organization. This website is designed to show and provide information about global and world tourism. The basic ethics for tourism can be found in this site. The Global Ethics for Tourism was designed in 2001.

Carol Moseley-Braun †African American Studies Essay (300 Level Course)

Carol Moseley-Braun – African American Studies Essay (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Carol Moseley-Braun African American Studies Essay (300 Level Course) Carol Moseley-Braun, the daughter of a Chicago law-enforcement officer, made history in November, 1992 when she became the first black woman ever to be elected to the United States Senate. It was the latest in a string of firsts first woman and first African American ever to hold executive office in Cook County government and 10 years voted best legislator in the Illinois House. Carol Moseley-Braun attended Chicago public schools and the University of Illinois at Chicago. Moseley-Braun received her law degree from the University of Chicago and worked for three years as a prosecutor in the U.S. Attorneys office. her success as a prosecutor earned her the United States Attorney Generals Special Achievement award. In 1978, Moseley-Braun was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. She immediately earned a reputation as a dynamic debater and an uncompromising advocate for more efficient and accountable government. Her hallmark has been an ability to build coalitions comprised of people of all races who are committed to the same principles of good government. During her first election for State Representative, Moseley-Braun pledged to make education her top priority. She was the Chief sponsor of the 1985 Urban School Improvement Act which created and empowered parents councils at every school in Chicago. She was the chief sponsor and prime mover of every school funding bill that affected education in the city of Chicago from 1980-87. Other education legislation sponsored by Moseley-Braun included a bill, introduced in 1980, that provided for higher salaries for professors and a bill, passed in 1984, which allows public aid recipients to attend college without losing their benefits. After just two terms in the House, Carol Moseley-Braun was selected to become the first woman and the first black in Illinois history to serve as Assistant Majority Leader. As the late Mayor Harold Washingtons legislative floor leader, Carol Moseley-Braun was the chief sponsor of bills to reform education and to ban discrimination in housing and private clubs. Carol Moseley-Braun introduced the bill that barred the State of Illinois from investing funds in South Africa until the apartheid system is abolished. Moseley-Braun also filed, and won, the reapportionment case which affirmed the one man one vote pinciple in Illinois. For each of her 10 years in the legislature, Carol Moseley-Braun received the Best Legislator award given by the Independent Voters of Illinois Independent Precinct Organization (IVI-IPO). In 1987, Moseley-Braun was nominated for the office of Recorder of Deeds as part of a multi-ethnic, multi-racial and gender-balanced Dream Ticket. Carol Moseley-Braun made history when she was elected Cook County recorder of Deeds with more than one million votes cast in her favor. She became the first woman and first African American to hold executive office in Cook County government. During the campaign for Recorder of Deeds, Carol Moseley-Braun promised to make the office more accessible and efficient. She took over a moribund and inefficient operation that used 19th-century style record keeping and spent more tax dollars than it took in. Today, the Cook County Recorder of Deeds Office operates with computerized efficiency, greater accessibility, and returns to county government more than two dollars for every tax dollar budgeted for the office. Moseley-Brauns 1992 Senate primary victory over two-term incumbent Senator Alan Dixon was a come-from-behind success in which her two opponents outspent her by more than 20-to-1. Moseley-Braun defeated Dixon and personal injury lawyer Al Hofeld in a positive campaign emphasizing issues over personalities and substance over negative attacks. On November 3, 1993, Carol Moseley-Braun was elected to the United States Senate, beating Republican Richard Williamson with 53% of the vote. She took office on January 5, 1993 to serve the people of Illinois. Upon taking office, she was named to the Judiciary Committee, the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee and the Small Business Committee. She serves on the Juvenile Justice and the Courts and Administrative Practice Subcommittees of the Judiciary Committee. Her subcommittee assignments for the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee are the Housing and Urban Affairs and the Securities Subcommittees. She also serves on the Export Expansion and Agriculture Development and the Urban and Minority-Owned Business Development Subcommittees of the Small Business Committee. Research Papers on Carol Moseley-Braun - African American Studies Essay (300 Level Course)Bringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

HCA Healthcare Corp Essays - General Electric, Free Essays

Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corp Essays - General Electric, Free Essays Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corp Business Level Strategy The business level strategy of GE in times past has been concentrated on providing heath care equipment to approximately 300 hospitals that were run by Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corp. But GE, run by Welch, has diversified greatly. Moving from a primarily manufacturing firm to becoming a more service oriented firm. One of the first big steps for GE to move into the services market was when Columbia allowed them to service all of their imaging equipment, including those made by GE's rivals. Differentiation The strategy of differentiation for GE is in their vision of improving the quality of their products and services. Welch decided earlier this year to improve GE quality with the expectation of boosting their revenues. Overall Cost Leader GE is already seeing a competitive advantage in streamlining their organizations that reduce operating costs and increasing revenues. In fact, they have done this so well that other organizations have been willing to hire GE as a consultant to show them the tricks of the trade that will increase their bottom lines. GE has been offering flat rate full service contracts for many of its customers that are raising the eye brows of competitors. Focus The focus for Welch has been directed on GE and GE alone. It was stated that he doesn't sit on any outside corporate boards and is devoted to the success of GE. Prospector GE is definitely categorized as a prospecting type of company. As the article outlines, GE is a company that looks for new markets and new growth opportunities and is willing to accept some level of risk. Along with successfully being involved in Medical Systems, Aircraft Engines, Power Generation, and Transportation, GE has been busy working on global computer services that appears to have phenomenal potential for them. Corporate Level Strategy As all of GE's business entities get direction from Welch on a business level strategy, he has come up with a corporate level strategy that has his competitors guessing what next? Welch appears to have enough vision to see what industry is doing as a whole and not just what the manufacturing industry is doing. This vision has driven his company to seek out opportunities that are more service orientated. Concentration The diversification of GE in recent years tends to make one believe that GE does not concentrate on just one thing. But GE has concentrated on manufacturing as its primary task in the business world. But Welch has changed that task to providing services. A company that can effectively provide a product and then turn around and be the sole service provider for that product will seemingly be in a position to where its competitor cannot touch them. Growth Penetration - GE has been able to increase its customer base by providing a complete package that includes products and services at flat or lower cost. Expansion - GE is also expanding into new areas, such as providing services for its existing product line along with the product line of its competitors. GE is also working on becoming a service provider for corporate computer networks around the world. This would put them in direct competition with IBM and EDS, companies that were not seen as competitors in the past. Globalization GE has been very strong in the international market in the past but is positioning itself with a much broader dominance by implementing a variety of services for companies abroad. Horizontal & Vertical Integration Horizontally, GE is not carving away at its competition all that much, but it wants to become much more vertical in different areas of the international business world. For whatever business GE is in, it wants to be able to dominate it from the top down. This vertical expansion goes forward as well as backward. If GE is unable to buy a given reseller or supplier it makes sure that the contract states that its customer must go through them for all aspects of the business. (i.e. products and services)

3 Ways To Increase the Pressure of a Gas

3 Ways To Increase the Pressure of a Gas One common science homework question is to list 3 ways to increase the  pressure of a gas container or a balloon. This is an excellent question because answering it helps you understand what pressure is and how gases behave. What Is Pressure? Pressure is the amount of force exerted over a unit of area. P F/A Pressure Force divided by Area As you can see from looking at the equation, two ways to increase pressure are to increase the amount of force or decrease the area over which it is exerted. How exactly do you do that? Thats where the Ideal Gas Law comes into play. Pressure and the Ideal Gas Law At low (ordinary) pressures, real gases behave like ideal gases, so you can use the Ideal Gas Law to determine how to increase the pressure of a system. The Ideal Gas Law states: PV nRT Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of a gas, R is Boltzmanns constant, and T is temperature If we solve for P: P (nRT)/V Three Ways to Increase the Pressure of a Gas Increase the amount of gas. This is represented by the n in the equation. Adding more molecules of a gas increases the number of collisions between the molecules and the walls of the container. This raises pressure.Increase the temperature of the gas. This is represented by T in the equation. Increasing temperature adds energy to the gas molecules, increasing their motion and, again, increasing collisions.Decrease the volume of the gas. This is the V in the equation. By their very nature, gases can be compressed, so if the same gas can be put into a smaller container, it will exert a higher pressure. The gas molecules will be forced closer to each other, increasing collisions (force) and pressure.

Does Affordable Housing on Exception Sites impact on making rural Essay

Does Affordable Housing on Exception Sites impact on making rural villages sustainable or unsustainable - Essay Example Simply an approximate ten percent of the homes within rural segments are communal housing for rent, in contrast to the twenty percent within urban communities (odpm.com) The various Housing Corporations and partnerships, like the Chichester District, and the CDC in West Sussex aims to make certain that all and sundry have an occasion of a respectable home which they can manage to pay for, as well as to guarantee a sustainable local society within the several villages inside the principally agricultural district, by way of a high percentage of aged population is dedicated to helping deal with the housing requirement within rural regions moreover this help invigorated the rural strategy which is premeditated to notify as well as support this vocation. The one and only resolution specific strategy, was majorly inaugurated within the year 2001 and ever since then has been accountable for a spotlight on rural requirements as well as a intensification within our rural housing programme, which has more than amplified ever since the strategy was primarily pioneered. Throughout the National Affordable Housing Programme for the year 2004 till 2008, all the housing associations are offering supplementary new 5,500 fresh homes for the rent as well as low cost home possession within rural regions. The additional Regiona... At the grassland roots, associations have counterfeit the joint ventures with rural community councils, land holders as well as local communities to recognize the regional requirements as well as to mark the assets to convene with them (odpm.com). The outgrowth of these corporations are innovative housing association schemes within a lot of England's marketplace towns, villages as well as hamlets including minor proposals that make it potential, for instance, for the sons as well as the daughters of the rural communities to donate to their vivacity as well as their sustainability. This approach is premeditated to carry on as well as perk up their workings inside the rural regions moreover concentrates on: - forming as well as supporting the joint ventures to distribute a lot more reasonably priced housing for rent out as well as reasonably priced residence ownership in rural areas; sustaining and making the best use of the existing affordable housing in rural areas; - forming sustainable rural societies, skirmishing social prohibiting, as well as dealing with discrete shortcoming within rural regions; - looking for ground-breaking ways of escalating the supply of terra firma for rural housing at the same time as shielding the veracity of the landscape; - sustaining as well as encouraging stumpy cost home rights inside rural regions with suitable defense to make certain a supply of reasonably priced housing within the near future; - also, endorsing and encouraging a good quality design in addition to the utilization of locally resourced materials within housing association systems; and - making sure that all the homes are constructed within

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 163

Summary - Essay Example Thus, the system will use algorithms provided by the National Renewable Energy Lab that use GPS to track the sun. The control system will locate the position of the sun and translate the data to signals that will move the motors to orient the device correctly. This will transfer the result using the components of USB and Ethernet to LabVIEW. Although the automated pyrheliometer project has hazards that can be experienced during the manufacturing and operation stages, stern measures will be taken to reduce the chances of their occurrence. First, the challenges experienced during the manufacturing stage will be addressed by providing training to the staff and ensuring that all operators wear protective clothing while at the manufacturing lab. Besides, the problem of insufficient heat dissipation will be resolved by using proper heat sinks for the motor drivers and having over temperature sensors to turn off the system. Lastly, warning red light emitting diode (LED) will be used to help in reducing any hazards associated with the system hitting someone during operation. When it comes to the budgeting, it should be made clear that the entire project will consume money. Since it is a tasking exercise, the project will have to be adequately funded. In order to have an effective financial plan, the entire project will have to be divided into parts: electrical components, framing and mounting and manufacturing. To ensure that all activities are done as planned, each of these will be allocated enough

Speech. Limit Sex in Advertising to the public Essay

Speech. Limit Sex in Advertising to the public - Essay Example Nonetheless, the companies found themselves on constant competition with visual promotions in both television and print media. One thing that differentiated one company advert from the other was the sex appeal employed. Reichert and Lambiase (2002, p. 25) defines sex appeal advertising as the form of advertising that draws customer’s attention through the use of sexual appeals that have been used as a form of communication technique. It almost goes without saying that contemporary customers are acquainted to more sex in advertising than ever before. This inclination of escalating use of sexual oriented topics and ideas is evident upon inspection of the broadcast and print media. In essence, marketers employ the use of romantic themes, nudity, or implicative ideas or topics to acquire the attention of its consumers. Though the use of sex in advertising has numerous advantages, limited research has been directed towards its implications on the society. In reference to Reichert and Lambiase (2002, p. 35), the use of sex appeal advertising has numerous significant public policy, social, and managerial implications. These propositions pivot the preferred depiction of women in the modern society, the circumstance under which marketers and advertisers should not use sexual themes in communicating with its consumers. For this reason, those impacted most by the sex appealing adverts are the women, both young and old, and not the targeted consumers. To the young women with developing and growing ideologies and bodies, sex appealing advertisements portraying women in a sexual explicit manner, whether fully clothed or nude, an imperative wrong is being executed. For the young and shapeable women, Jacobson and Mazur (1995, p. 79) notes that their perception of what they should wear, how they should look and how they should act is influenced, all with the assumption that

Darden Restaurants Company Deversity, Recruitment, Benefits Coursework

Darden Restaurants Company Deversity, Recruitment, Benefits - Coursework Example It also supports the diversity organizations in the community that includes African-American, Asians, Hispanics, Women, and the GLBT community (Darden Concepts, Inc. 1). Darden promotes the diversity of its workforce and suppliers by implementing various programs that include workforce diversity, supplier diversity, and diversity outreach (Darden Concepts, Inc. 1). The diversity in the company enables employees to maximize their full capacity. Profiles in Diversity Journal wrote the article, â€Å"Darden Restaurants–News Brief (Jan/Feb 2014)† in 2014. The article states that Darden Restaurants scored 100 % on the Human Rights Campaign 2014 Corporate Equality Index subject to its business practices and policies toward its LGBT employees (Profiles in Diversity Journal 1). The article quotes Darden’s senior vice president of culture who asserts that diversity and inclusion form the company’s success and future growth basis. The senior vice president of culture notes that Darden Restaurants embraces diversity to enrich the company’s corporate culture and enhance its performance. The article traces the company’s history of diversity policies to the acts of its founder. Indeed, in welcoming people in his first restaurant, during the time of racial segregation and discrimination, Bill Darden sent invites to diverse people (Profiles in Diversity Journal 1). Ultimately, the article states that Darden promotes the diversity of its workforce, suppliers and local communities by adopting diversity at the core of its culture (Profiles in Diversity Journal 1). Darden Restaurants employs more than 180,000 people in various restaurants (Darden Concepts, Inc. 1). Most employees working at Darden Restaurants have a passion for culinary excellence and loves hospitality (Great Rated 1). In hiring its employees, the company adores diversity by considering race,

How Do We Know What We Think We Know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How Do We Know What We Think We Know - Essay Example Most of us get our daily news from a variety of sources. At one time, these sources were limited to perhaps one of three nightly news programs and/or one of a few available newspapers. Everyone essentially read or heard the same thing. Today, news is available everywhere, from serious news programs to satire comedy to internet web pages to Twitter text messages. What holds true for our general news also holds true for what we think of scientific news. New approaches, policies, and inventions are quickly reported on and then we're off to a new topic. If they've managed to capture our attention at all, we always have the option of Googling for them during the commercial breaks and are then at the mercy of the search engine spiders, delivering ranked results based on the highest bidder or the most popular. What we know about the world of science today is largely based on where we get our information from. This, in turn, strongly influences our decisions when voting in elections, when ch oosing to support various non-profit or beginning businesses, and in shaping our overall view of the world and where it's heading. Yet how do we know that information is correct? What is it about the way that the news is conveyed that convinces us we have been given the truth? In order to resist naive belief and make better decisions for ourselves and the world at large, we need to carefully examine the scientific stories we read, such as those which warn of global warming, as a means of understanding the various ways journalists use words to shape our understanding. The problem of global warming has been written about since at least the 1970s, but it is starting to gain some ground in more recent years as evidence becomes harder to deny or refute. For example, an article in the New York Times published in March 2012 uses terms that make it clear the author is still trying to convince his readers that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity and yet provide few opti ons as to what else might be contributing to the evidence found. The evidence that the author is attempting to convince his audience is found in the second sentence of the article: "Warnings from the scientific community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from the ongoing buildup of human-related greenhouse gases - produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests." Not only does the author squarely place blame on "human-related greenhouse gases," leaving no room for argument or other possibilities, the sources of these gases are specifically named, further removing any possibility for argument. While it is possible that the author simply chose this form of expression as a means of concisely identifying his topic in keeping with Grice's (1975) maxim of quantity, to provide just as much information as necessary to make the meaning clear, it also reveals evidence of previous conversation. For example, it is not necessarily important that the term human-related be included in the above-quoted sentence to remain in accord with Grice's maxim, yet the inclusion here suggests either recency (Garrod and Anderson, 1987), in that the author may have been recently discussing the issue.

Unit 2 class activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 2 class activity - Assignment Example Recognizing the way that the Islamic traders that came to China and bought and sold goods along the Silk Road had expertise with astronomy, the Chinese commissioned some of these Islamic craftsmen and scholars to help build the first Chinese clocks. Just as the Islamic groups before them had done, the Chinese used these first clocks primarily for astrological and astronomical purposes instead of telling time. Europe was introduced to the clock during the Muslim conquest of Southern Europe during the early part of the early Dark Ages. As with most forms of cultural interaction, Europe sought t improve upon the idea of the clock and soon thereafter began using it to tell time of day. Previously the time of day was told not by clocks but by the position of the sun and or celestial bodies. Such a form of time telling was adequate at times but made increasingly difficult in case of poor weather or visibility. By means of using a clock to tell time, the Europeans were able to industrialize their societies and have a solid base for arrangements and organization of the nations and peoples One of the biggest ways that the mechanical clock affected the United States was by way of navigation and discovery. Early navigation, like time telling, took place through visual confirmation of the sun moon and stars. However, such a method was not practical and led to many errors in judgment. Soon other forms of navigation were produced to include the sextant. However, one of the most useful was the use of navigation equipment that also utilized the time. The way that early mariners would do this was by having two clocks and a sextant. The first clock would tell them what time of day it was back home (in London or elsewhere) and the second they would use and set based upon their latitude. In this way, they could practically pin-point their location on the map as they navigated; helping them in finding their way back

How Do We Know What We Think We Know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How Do We Know What We Think We Know - Essay Example Most of us get our daily news from a variety of sources. At one time, these sources were limited to perhaps one of three nightly news programs and/or one of a few available newspapers. Everyone essentially read or heard the same thing. Today, news is available everywhere, from serious news programs to satire comedy to internet web pages to Twitter text messages. What holds true for our general news also holds true for what we think of scientific news. New approaches, policies, and inventions are quickly reported on and then we're off to a new topic. If they've managed to capture our attention at all, we always have the option of Googling for them during the commercial breaks and are then at the mercy of the search engine spiders, delivering ranked results based on the highest bidder or the most popular. What we know about the world of science today is largely based on where we get our information from. This, in turn, strongly influences our decisions when voting in elections, when ch oosing to support various non-profit or beginning businesses, and in shaping our overall view of the world and where it's heading. Yet how do we know that information is correct? What is it about the way that the news is conveyed that convinces us we have been given the truth? In order to resist naive belief and make better decisions for ourselves and the world at large, we need to carefully examine the scientific stories we read, such as those which warn of global warming, as a means of understanding the various ways journalists use words to shape our understanding. The problem of global warming has been written about since at least the 1970s, but it is starting to gain some ground in more recent years as evidence becomes harder to deny or refute. For example, an article in the New York Times published in March 2012 uses terms that make it clear the author is still trying to convince his readers that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity and yet provide few opti ons as to what else might be contributing to the evidence found. The evidence that the author is attempting to convince his audience is found in the second sentence of the article: "Warnings from the scientific community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from the ongoing buildup of human-related greenhouse gases - produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests." Not only does the author squarely place blame on "human-related greenhouse gases," leaving no room for argument or other possibilities, the sources of these gases are specifically named, further removing any possibility for argument. While it is possible that the author simply chose this form of expression as a means of concisely identifying his topic in keeping with Grice's (1975) maxim of quantity, to provide just as much information as necessary to make the meaning clear, it also reveals evidence of previous conversation. For example, it is not necessarily important that the term human-related be included in the above-quoted sentence to remain in accord with Grice's maxim, yet the inclusion here suggests either recency (Garrod and Anderson, 1987), in that the author may have been recently discussing the issue.

Origin and Evolution of Christianity Research Paper

Origin and Evolution of Christianity - Research Paper Example Aspects of Christianity such as religious beliefs had been in existence even before the birth of Christ. The Old Testament, which was written before the birth of Christ has several prophecies on coming of Messiah whom Christians believe, is Christ. The history of Christian teachings became clearly spelt from the first century and is recorded in the New Testament. Christianity borrowed heavily from Judaism and other pagan concepts. A feature such as observation of Sunday as the Sabbath day was borrowed from non-Christian Romans while Christmas concepts were borrowed from Babylonians. Temples previously used by pagans were also turned into Christian places of worship referred to as churches. Christianity is currently the largest worldwide religion that is based on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ who is believed to be the son of God. This paper focuses on the origin and history of Christianity and lays emphasis on Catholicism and Protestantism, which are the major Christian groupings. Non-Christians first used the term Christians as a form of mockery to refer to followers of Jesus in Antioch. Descriptions of the early church are recorded in the gospel and epistles within the New Testament. The life and teachings of Jesus are also recorded in the New Testament while the prophecy of His birth is recorded in the Old Testament of the Bible, a book used by Christians for spiritual guidance. Jesus of Nazareth is believed to be the pioneer of Christianity. However, Jesus’ disciples and other followers such as Mark and Paul established concrete Christianity. Paul prayed a vital role in establishing the basis of Christianity and he preached not only to Jews but also to Non-Jews.... Factors leading to the split were related to theological disputes especially on doctrinal issues. The major three groupings include Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy. The Early Church The early Christian church comprised of Jewish Christians who followed Judaism and the Hellenistic Christians who were liberal and were not strict observers of Judaic laws. Early Christianity can be divided into apostolic period and the post-apostolic period. The early church greatly followed Jewish traditions. Circumcision was considered a prerequisite for gentiles to be accepted into Christianity. However, the early Christians disagreed on aspects such as the nature of Jesus and on whether to follow Mosaic laws (Jackson Web; Esler 22-25). Apostolic Period The apostolic period was the time that followed Jesus’ death. The Christian Church in this period was referred to as the apostolic church and was led by Jesus’ apostles and relatives who were fundamentally Jews. Je sus was also a Jew and had started a ministry of teaching and performing miracles at the age of thirty after his baptism by John the Baptist. After His death, the apostles continued with his work. He travelled throughout Judea preaching in synagogues, which made him to be referred to as a teacher (Ahmad Web). While doing his ministerial work, Jesus chose twelve disciples to assist Him in His teachings. The Disciples followed His teaching strictly, as they believed that He was the Messiah prophesied about in the Old Testament. During His ministry, several people became His followers, which frightened the Jewish political readers. He worked for three years after which the Romans who were